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This causes a portion of the liquid to "instantaneously" boil, which in turn causes an extremely rapid expansion. If the rupture is catastrophic, where the vessel is immediately no longer capable of holding any pressure, then there suddenly exists a large mass of liquid which is at a very high temperature and very low pressure. If the pressurized vessel, containing liquid at high temperature (which may be room temperature, depending on the substance) ruptures, the pressure which prevents the liquid from boiling is lost. That container, because the boiling water pressurizes it, must be capable of holding liquid water at very high temperatures. In the case of water, a BLEVE could occur if a pressurized chamber of water is heated far beyond the standard 100 ☌ (212 ☏). Many substances normally stored as liquids, such as CO 2, propane, and other similar industrial gases have boiling temperatures far below room temperature when at atmospheric pressure. Typically, a BLEVE starts with a container of liquid which is held above its normal, atmospheric pressure boiling temperature.

A sudden loss of containment that rapidly drops the pressure.

A containment vessel maintains the pressure that keeps the substance in liquid form.

A substance in liquid form at a temperature above its normal atmospheric pressure boiling point.

There are three key elements that cause a BLEVE. If the gas is combustible, as in the case with hydrocarbons and alcohols, further damage can be caused by the ensuing fire. If the vessel's integrity is compromised, the loss of pressure drops the boiling point, which can cause the liquid to convert to a gas expanding rapidly. Because the boiling point of a liquid rises with pressure, the contents of the pressurized vessel can remain a liquid as long as the vessel is intact.

(BLEVEs do not necessarily involve fire).Ī boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion ( BLEVE, / ˈ b l ɛ v iː/ BLEV-ee) is an explosion caused by the rupture of a vessel containing a pressurized liquid that has reached a temperature above its boiling point. Flames subsequent to a flammable liquid BLEVE from a tanker.